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Paper Keyboards - Innovation Essay

Innovation in the field – Paper Keyboards

Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

With the advancements in technology you don’t need to look very far to find innovation. The market is filled with all these different applications more and more being added more or less every day – some are profound and useful, for example bringing news updates right to your phone or tablet as they happen and then some are the pointless ramblings of the over eccentric. That said, one stood out to me and this was the Paper Keyboard.

The University of London hosted a student who was able to create a virtual keyboard for his iPhone, made out of paper. The student, Florian Kräutli, developed an application which uses the iPhone’s accelerometer, which basically senses and measures movements and pressure, to pick up vibrations caused by tapping on the surface where the paper keyboard is placed.

The world has been introduced to virtual keyboards, magnetic keyboards and laser keyboards but this one is nothing like the others – this one is paper. It starts with an application uploaded exclusively on to the Apple store and it’s called ‘Paper Keyboard – Fast typing and playing with a printed keyboard’. If typing on your phone doesn’t quite cut it for you then you are the target audience. Despite seeming incredibly taxing to use and baffling to wrap your head around, it is surprisingly simple; yet elegant. To get started you have to follow these steps: first, you need an I-phone with the application installed. Second, the application works by printing off a PDF file template on to some paper which will have a keyboard on it, with the application on you just place your phone on the designated spot and the phone’s front camera will then detect your finger movements thanks to an incredibly intelligent algorithm and through the levels of vibration being picked up on the surface you’re using. You will now be up and running to use it, say you wanted to make a note on your phone, open up a memo and just start typing away and what you type will appear on your phone as if you were typing on the normal phone keyboard. Put simply, it makes any surface you place the keyboard on interactive and in a world where technology is progressing in leaps and bounds, where ease and simplicity always override complexities, this application would appear to be right at home.

For a Journalist you will be drawn to how easily portable it is, yes your phone is already fantastic enough for you to make notes on but it’s essentially like having a laptop with you, a laptop only in the form of its keyboard and we all know that typing on a full keyboard is a lot faster and easier then typing on your phone, especially your fingers are too big for the ‘normal’ sized phone keyboard or if you’re trying to be quick about it. For example, I imagine if you’re now allowed to tweet from court galleries then it doesn't seem absurd to bring in your phone and a sheet of paper and just start tapping away. This level of ease and portability make it an admirable addition to the world of Journalism insofar as I believe it can, to some small extent, replace shorthand – making it somewhat redundant. If speed is the name of the game then this application should take first place; you’re no longer at the whims of a pen being low on ink or running out of paper, no, you are only dependent to how much battery your phone has or maybe how well your camera works.

This application brings a whole system to how a Journalist takes notes, so long as you have a surface to operate on. For example when it comes to note taking, be it during an interview for a magazine or your newspaper, or sitting in a board room bouncing ideas off of each other you will be so much more prepared if you have this application, by all means you will want to have a reporter’s notebook but handwriting just doesn’t make the cut sometimes, especially if you want word for word accuracy, your chances of being able to keep up to speed with spoken speech is increased greatly as writing is always slower, shorthand or not.

Despite the innovation and strengths the application does have its drawbacks. The first and foremost being the obvious – it is just a piece of paper and we all know how prone to being creased or ripped due to how brittle it is. This means you’re pinning all your hopes on placing the paper into your bag is going to keep it safe. One would imagine that creasing on the keyboard itself would most likely place limitations how well the keyboard works, for example it might not pick up correctly which key you are pressing. Of course to combat this you would download many copies of the keyboard but this isn't entirely practical.

Albeit a fantastic addition to the world of technology and slightly more importantly to the world of Journalism, another drawback is that you have to balance your I-phone on this sheet of paper. Now I have an I-phone and I must say it is not particularly made to be used as a balancing act; it could lead to a lot of toppling over which damage the phone if it happens time after time then you would be looking at some long term damage. This makes it highly impractical for most use, especially if you’re rushing around and typing fast. Along with this you will always need a surface to place it on, no matter what. This means that if you were to take it on to a train for example, which can at times be rocky rides; it might make your phone fall off the paper, making the whole thing more trouble than it needs to be. This limits its portability which is a big aspect with the paper keyboard but if you remove the surface to place it on, it renders it unusable as it functions through vibration and movement.  But this can be combated – just so long as you place a hefty notebook or a diary on your lap if there is no surface.

One further drawback to this is slightly more trivial but it is still an issue – with prolonged use you will come to realise that it takes its toll on your fingers. This is just a sheet of paper placed on a surface, you are just thumping away at keys on a table and obviously the paper boasts no sort of comfort or padding to you. This will eventually start to hurt and make it an uncomfortable experience as it is not going to be the same as using an actual keyboard on a desktop or a laptop and it somewhat cheapens the better features of the application which is a shame. Of course, you can place it on a padded surface no problem and it would work as wonderfully as intended.

To conclude, after trying the keyboard myself I have come to the conclusion that yes it is highly impressive and wonderfully innovative, more in general terms than it is innovative to a Journalist but that being said it is a significant addition to any Journalist as it brings about a whole new way to record information, it’s portability gives it a certain allure and the simplicity of it will speak to many. It might not be as profound and intricate as Google Glass but it is just an application and it has been received with welcome arms to the addition of technology and it brings about a unique look into where the future is leading us in terms of technology. I came across this on the Apple store and it is a perfect place to find innovation, but then again you can find some applications which play with the line between genius and pure insanity as if it were a skipping rope.

Henry Haynes - Confessional Interview

David Brine - Features Editor of The Southern Daily Echo

David Brine - Image
courtesy of The Daily Echo

If you could just introduce yourself - your name and what your role is

I'm David Brine and I'm the Features Editor of The Southern Daily Echo.

How did you first get involved in features - what drew you to it?

David - Well I started off as a Journalist, very much on the news side, I went on and did work experience after I did my degree in politics, I went on to do work experience in my local newspaper in South London, a weekly newspaper there called the Surrey Comet and I managed to secure a job there and basically managed to work my way up through now on this newspaper, I worked on the news desk here for 15 years and when a new vacancy arose for the Features Editor fortunately I managed to get that from my experience of knowing the area and being involved in some of the features content over some of the years.

Did you had more of a passion towards features than news?

David - I wouldn't say so, no, I don't think that's really necessary, I think that there are a lot of similarities between the two and features just gives you more room to breathe and tell people's stories in more detail. I think that you need to, if you're working for news or features, you got to be interested in people and their stories and that holds true for either side of it really, I think it’s more rather than seeing it as being a bid divide between the two, I think they're two sides of the same coin really but as I said you just get more space and more of a chance to let people's real personalities come through and the detail of their story come out in a feature as opposed to a news story which might deal with the issue in more of a condensed form.

So what does your job entail - what is your typical day?

David: For me personally? Well the products I produce fall into different categories - there are things that appear every day in the paper such as 'The Heritage' section and then there are things that appear weekly such as our lifestyle section, which is fashion health and beauty and then I'm also responsible for a TV listings magazine every we produce Saturday in the paper, done in a similar style to what's in the national papers. Obviously that's packed with local features as well and concentrates on things like walking and cycling - general leisure time activities. Typically my day starts at 8 o'clock in the morning and I'm involved in all the major meetings to do with content, in the newspapers as well, then we decide what things can be developed for features. A lot of my time is spent commissioning articles from our feature writers and reporters as our news reporters write a fair number of our features also. Then there is a lot of reading back the features when they're submitted and then making suggestions for changes or helping source photographic material. Then I have to sign off on everything at the end of the day, I have to see the finished product and make sure I'm happy with it as its going to appear published, so I have to make sure I'm happy with the finished product.

Are features and entertainment difficult to get in to?

David - I think so, I think that the key thing is all journalists need to be curious and need to be always asking questions and never accept something at face value, on top of that they need to be interested in people, all sorts of people and all sorts of things that people are telling them. They need to be willing to invest time into it and talking to people, really finding out what exactly makes people tick - the reasons behind why they are doing the things they are doing. It can be incredibly rewarding, I think, to work in features because you get a little more time to do  a bit more digging and finding out about things by spending more time talking to people.

What aspects do you think make for a good feature?

David - I like to be surprised. A lot of features you read are quite like you feel like you've read them before, only the names have changed really. I like things that surprise me, Ii like to learn things from reading them but you can get a feel about when you read a feature about how committed to the story the writer has been, you don't want to come away with unanswered questions in your own mind, I like things to be tied up as well, I do like to be surprised, like to read something that's different that I've not come across before, something that manages to peak my curiosity

Do you have any tips for an aspiring features writer?

David - I think that you should try make contact with the people who are doing that job and offer them ideas. Send suggestions to them and be prepared to have a go doing it yourself and try and get the professionals that are doing the job to get some sort of dialogue with you, you know? I think work experience is a really good way of doing that - spend a week with your local paper, be it daily or weekly just to get a feel for what's going on there, the sort of things that happen day to day and see if it’s the sort of place you'd like to work, that can be a real way of improving yourself or just read features; the supplements in the National Papers and lifestyle sections of the National Papers and also your local papers; just read them and pick up ideas and tips from that. There are a lot of similar stories that go around and you can get lots of ideas and tips just from reading, really.

Law - Confidentiality and Privacy

Law of Confidence is key to a person keeping their private lives separate from the public. This ensures total privacy with information that is exchanged in a private or confidential circumstance, for example when you are talking to your doctor - all medical files are confidential between doctor and patient.

There are three elements to determine when a breach of confidence has occurred:
- The information must be shared in a confidential manner.
- It must also have the necessary quality of confidence (so it can't be something trivial).
- For action to be taken there must be an unauthorised use of the information.

Journalists must be mindful in terms of confidence and privacy when reporting on three areas:
- Official Secrets Act: this keeps safe all military intelligence information for example the location of bases or information that could be harmful to the safety of the country if it was exposed, much like the phrase 'spilling state secrets'.
- Individual Privacy: Section 8 of the Human Rights act defends individual privacy, so that concerns your family life and anything else that would be deemed out of the public sphere.
- Commercial Confidentiality: this will be in contracts of employees essentially saying they can't release sensitive information that would be damaging to the employer.

You can defence breaches of confidence or privacy by proving if the information did not have the necessary quality of confidence or if the information is in the public sphere. The main defence would be that if it is in the public interest to know this information. Naomi Campbell won a breach of privacy concerning a newspaper publishing images of her leaving a narcotics anonymous meeting.

When a journalist obtains sensitive information they have two choices:
- They can just run the story and face potential legal repercussion, but you should really only do this if you could justify it in the public interest and not merely interesting to the public.
- The other choice is to confront the business / person that the information pertains to and try to get a response, but this could lead to an injunction and therefore the information will be swept under the rug.

Law - Reporting on Elections

Journalists must always be impartial, but this is even more pertinent when it comes to elections and your coverage of them. The big divide between broadcast and print here is that print publications can nail their flag to the mast and outright pick a side in which political party they want to win, this is because newspapers are orientated that way - there have always been specific newspapers for Labour supporters and the same goes for Conservative supporters. 

However, in terms of broadcast we are there to simply cover each 'major' party in an impartial and fair way and major parties have been decided so by Ofcom and the overall popularity of a political party. For example, it used to be that the major parties consisted of Labour, Conservatives and Liberal Democrats, but due to a surge in popularity and support, Ofcom have said that UKIP should now be considered a major party when it comes to reporting the European elections.

Defamation is an ever present risk to publications at election time - simply because the warring parties might spread defamatory statements or comments about another candidate and since it is just them spouting off accusations there is no privilege involved to protect the media in highlighting the statements made and if they were to do so then the journalist or the publication could get sued. An example of this would be in 2010 concerning Phil Woolas. Woolas is a former Labour Government Minister and he lost the Oldham East seat which he had previously with a majority of 103. He suffered a three year ban after being convicted of publishing false statements about the rival candidate in one of his leaflets and thus suffered the consequences. 

Under the Representation of the People Act 1983 - it is a criminal offence to publish an exit poll or exposing how other people have voted, before the polls are fully closed. This is because people would make of note of who has a chance of wining and if it were someone they didn't want to win then that would lead to a great deal of tactical voting - though this happens it generally would make the whole election corrupt and unfair as it is doctoring a specific outcome with a great deal of foreknowledge.

Further under this act it is deemed a criminal offence to publish anything remotely false about any election candidate, especially if the desired outcome would be to sway the minds of the voters. If you publish something particularly damning then it better be justified and justifiable. Basically, it has to be true so don't bother lying.

Law - Regulatory Codes

Regulations are in place for a reason! That reason being to keep us journalists on the right tracks in terms of morality and behaviour when it comes to stories, sourcing the stories and clearly outlining what is seen as justified. These regulations deal with ethics and an overall respect and understanding of privacy and where to draw the line.

Regulatory bodies:
The Press Complaints Commission (PCC) governs print and other magazine publications.
- If someone has a problem with something thats been published in a news paper or a magazine then these guys are the people that handle it. 

- The BBC have their own set of regulations and guidelines but they still have to follow the rules outlined by Ofcom because otherwise they could get themselves in to some serious trouble.

The Office of Communications (Ofcom) governs broadcast journalism.
- Ofcom holds a great deal of power and it can force public apologies, implement large fines and revoke a publication's broadcasting license. That means you have to follow the rules no matter what, no getting away with anything with these guys.

In general terms codes of practice focus on these areas:
- Protecting youths and children
- Fair treatment
- Ethical behaviour
- Respecting Privacy